{
  "name": "Expense Ratio History",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "latest_reading": "2026-10-19",
  "funds": [
    {
      "ticker": "FSKAX",
      "name": "Fidelity Total Market Index Fund",
      "fund_company": "Fidelity",
      "type": "Index mutual fund",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.015,
      "shown_at_source": "0.015%",
      "label_at_source": "Total annual operating expenses (summary prospectus dated 29 April 2026)",
      "source_name": "Summary prospectus on SEC EDGAR",
      "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000819118/000081911826000078/filing11574.htm",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "FXAIX",
      "name": "Fidelity 500 Index Fund",
      "fund_company": "Fidelity",
      "type": "Index mutual fund",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.015,
      "shown_at_source": "0.015%",
      "label_at_source": "Total annual operating expenses (summary prospectus dated 29 April 2026)",
      "source_name": "Summary prospectus on SEC EDGAR",
      "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000819118/000081911826000073/filing11574.htm",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "SPYM",
      "name": "State Street SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF",
      "fund_company": "State Street",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.02,
      "shown_at_source": "0.02%",
      "label_at_source": "Gross expense ratio (fund information dated 19 October 2026)",
      "source_name": "State Street fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.ssga.com/us/en/intermediary/etfs/state-street-spdr-portfolio-sp-500-etf-spym",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "SWPPX",
      "name": "Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund",
      "fund_company": "Schwab",
      "type": "Index mutual fund",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.02,
      "shown_at_source": "0.020%",
      "label_at_source": "Total expense ratio (no date shown on the page)",
      "source_name": "Schwab fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.schwabassetmanagement.com/products/SWPPX",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "AGG",
      "name": "iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF",
      "fund_company": "iShares",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.03%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as of the current prospectus",
      "source_name": "iShares fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239458/ishares-core-total-us-bond-market-etf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "BND",
      "name": "Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.03%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F0928.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "IVV",
      "name": "iShares Core S&P 500 ETF",
      "fund_company": "iShares",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.03%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as of the current prospectus",
      "source_name": "iShares fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239726/ishares-core-sp-500-etf-ivv",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "SCHX",
      "name": "Schwab U.S. Large-Cap ETF",
      "fund_company": "Schwab",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.030%",
      "label_at_source": "Total expense ratio (no date shown on the page)",
      "source_name": "Schwab fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.schwabassetmanagement.com/products/SCHX",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VEA",
      "name": "Vanguard FTSE Developed Markets ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.03%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F0936.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VO",
      "name": "Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.03%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F0939.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VOO",
      "name": "Vanguard S&P 500 ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.03%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F0968.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VTI",
      "name": "Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.03%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F0970.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VTV",
      "name": "Vanguard Value ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.03%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F0966.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VUG",
      "name": "Vanguard Morningstar Growth ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "shown_at_source": "0.03%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 September 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://workplace.vanguard.com/assets/corp/fund_communications/pdf_publish/us-products/fact-sheet/F0967.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VFIAX",
      "name": "Vanguard 500 Index Fund Admiral Shares",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "Index mutual fund",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.04,
      "shown_at_source": "0.04%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as of 28 April 2026 (fact sheet dated 30 September 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://workplace.vanguard.com/assets/corp/fund_communications/pdf_publish/us-products/fact-sheet/F0540.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VIG",
      "name": "Vanguard Dividend Appreciation ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.04,
      "shown_at_source": "0.04%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F0920.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VTSAX",
      "name": "Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund Admiral Shares",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "Index mutual fund",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.04,
      "shown_at_source": "0.04%",
      "label_at_source": "Total annual fund operating expenses (summary prospectus dated 28 April 2026)",
      "source_name": "Summary prospectus on SEC EDGAR",
      "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000036405/000003640526000214/f44873d1.htm",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "IJH",
      "name": "iShares Core S&P Mid-Cap ETF",
      "fund_company": "iShares",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.05,
      "shown_at_source": "0.05%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as of the current prospectus",
      "source_name": "iShares fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239763/ishares-core-sp-midcap-etf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VXUS",
      "name": "Vanguard Total International Stock ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.05,
      "shown_at_source": "0.05%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F3369.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "SCHD",
      "name": "Schwab U.S. Dividend Equity ETF",
      "fund_company": "Schwab",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.06,
      "shown_at_source": "0.060%",
      "label_at_source": "Total expense ratio (no date shown on the page)",
      "source_name": "Schwab fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.schwabassetmanagement.com/products/SCHD",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VWO",
      "name": "Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.06,
      "shown_at_source": "0.06%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F0964.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "IEFA",
      "name": "iShares Core MSCI EAFE ETF",
      "fund_company": "iShares",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.07,
      "shown_at_source": "0.07%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as of the current prospectus",
      "source_name": "iShares fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.ishares.com/us/products/244049/ishares-core-msci-eafe-etf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "XLK",
      "name": "State Street Technology Select Sector SPDR ETF",
      "fund_company": "State Street",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.08,
      "shown_at_source": "0.08%",
      "label_at_source": "Gross expense ratio (fund information dated 19 October 2026)",
      "source_name": "State Street fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.ssga.com/us/en/intermediary/etfs/funds/technology-select-sector-spdr-fund-xlk",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "IEMG",
      "name": "iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets ETF",
      "fund_company": "iShares",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.09,
      "shown_at_source": "0.09%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as of the current prospectus",
      "source_name": "iShares fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.ishares.com/us/products/244050/ishares-core-msci-emerging-markets-etf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VGT",
      "name": "Vanguard Information Technology ETF",
      "fund_company": "Vanguard",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.09,
      "shown_at_source": "0.09%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as reported in the most recent prospectus (fact sheet dated 30 June 2026)",
      "source_name": "Vanguard fact sheet (PDF)",
      "source_url": "https://fund-docs.vanguard.com/F0958.pdf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "SPY",
      "name": "State Street SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust",
      "fund_company": "State Street",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.0945,
      "shown_at_source": "0.0945%",
      "label_at_source": "Gross expense ratio (fund information dated 19 October 2026)",
      "source_name": "State Street fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.ssga.com/us/en/intermediary/etfs/spdr-sp-500-etf-trust-spy",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "QQQM",
      "name": "Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF",
      "fund_company": "Invesco",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.15,
      "shown_at_source": "0.15%",
      "label_at_source": "Total annual fund operating expenses (prospectus dated 19 December 2025)",
      "source_name": "Summary prospectus on SEC EDGAR",
      "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1378872/000119312525325643/d54028d497k.htm",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "IWF",
      "name": "iShares Russell 1000 Growth ETF",
      "fund_company": "iShares",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.18,
      "shown_at_source": "0.18%",
      "label_at_source": "Expense ratio as of the current prospectus",
      "source_name": "iShares fund page",
      "source_url": "https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239706/ishares-russell-1000-growth-etf",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    },
    {
      "ticker": "QQQ",
      "name": "Invesco QQQ",
      "fund_company": "Invesco",
      "type": "ETF",
      "expense_ratio_pct": 0.18,
      "shown_at_source": "0.18%",
      "label_at_source": "Total expense ratio stated in the page's disclosures",
      "source_name": "Invesco QQQ page",
      "source_url": "https://www.invesco.com/us/financial-products/etfs/product-detail?audienceType=Investor&ticker=QQQ",
      "date_read": "2026-10-19"
    }
  ],
  "changes": [
    {
      "ticker": "VIG",
      "name": "Vanguard Dividend Appreciation ETF",
      "effective_date": "2026-02-01",
      "announced_date": "2026-02-02",
      "old_expense_ratio_pct": 0.05,
      "new_expense_ratio_pct": 0.04,
      "change_bps": -1.0,
      "source_name": "Vanguard: expense ratio reductions",
      "source_url": "https://investor.vanguard.com/investor-resources-education/news/expense-ratio-reductions",
      "note": "Part of Vanguard's cut across 84 share classes. Vanguard's table gives 1 February 2026 as the effective date; its press release is dated 2 February 2026."
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VO",
      "name": "Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF",
      "effective_date": "2026-02-01",
      "announced_date": "2026-02-02",
      "old_expense_ratio_pct": 0.04,
      "new_expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "change_bps": -1.0,
      "source_name": "Vanguard: expense ratio reductions",
      "source_url": "https://investor.vanguard.com/investor-resources-education/news/expense-ratio-reductions",
      "note": "Part of Vanguard's cut across 84 share classes. Vanguard's table gives 1 February 2026 as the effective date; its press release is dated 2 February 2026."
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VTV",
      "name": "Vanguard Value ETF",
      "effective_date": "2026-02-01",
      "announced_date": "2026-02-02",
      "old_expense_ratio_pct": 0.04,
      "new_expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "change_bps": -1.0,
      "source_name": "Vanguard: expense ratio reductions",
      "source_url": "https://investor.vanguard.com/investor-resources-education/news/expense-ratio-reductions",
      "note": "Part of Vanguard's cut across 84 share classes. Vanguard's table gives 1 February 2026 as the effective date; its press release is dated 2 February 2026."
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VUG",
      "name": "Vanguard Morningstar Growth ETF",
      "effective_date": "2026-02-01",
      "announced_date": "2026-02-02",
      "old_expense_ratio_pct": 0.04,
      "new_expense_ratio_pct": 0.03,
      "change_bps": -1.0,
      "source_name": "Vanguard: expense ratio reductions",
      "source_url": "https://investor.vanguard.com/investor-resources-education/news/expense-ratio-reductions",
      "note": "Part of Vanguard's cut across 84 share classes. Vanguard's table gives 1 February 2026 as the effective date; its press release is dated 2 February 2026."
    },
    {
      "ticker": "VWO",
      "name": "Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF",
      "effective_date": "2026-02-01",
      "announced_date": "2026-02-02",
      "old_expense_ratio_pct": 0.07,
      "new_expense_ratio_pct": 0.06,
      "change_bps": -1.0,
      "source_name": "Vanguard: expense ratio reductions",
      "source_url": "https://investor.vanguard.com/investor-resources-education/news/expense-ratio-reductions",
      "note": "Part of Vanguard's cut across 84 share classes. Vanguard's table gives 1 February 2026 as the effective date; its press release is dated 2 February 2026."
    },
    {
      "ticker": "QQQ",
      "name": "Invesco QQQ",
      "effective_date": "2025-12-22",
      "announced_date": "2025-12-19",
      "old_expense_ratio_pct": 0.2,
      "new_expense_ratio_pct": 0.18,
      "change_bps": -2.0,
      "source_name": "Invesco press release, 19 Dec 2025",
      "source_url": "https://www.invesco.com/hk/en/investment-ideas/press-and-media/2025/invesco-qqq-shareholders-vote-to-approve-modernization.html",
      "note": "The cut came with QQQ's conversion from a unit investment trust to an open-end ETF, approved by shareholders in December 2025."
    }
  ]
}